The oceans, though they cover more than 70 per cent of the Earth's surface, are often taken for granted. More than 3.5 billion people depend on the ocean for their primary source of food, and more than half the world's population lives within 60 kilometres of the shoreline, a figure which could rise to three quarters by the year 2020. As important as the oceans are coastal areas, which contain diverse and productive habitats important for human settlements, development and local subsistence. Coastal resources are vital for many local communities and indigenous people. The exclusive economic zone (EEZ), which extends 320 kilometres out to sea, is an important marine area where countries are responsible for managing the development and conservation of natural resources for the benefit of their people.

The oceans also have become a network of shipping lanes and a supplier of energy, minerals and medicines. These contributions will grow as technology advances and the resources of the land become more scarce.

Since they cover most of the Earth's surface, oceans have a great influence on climate, and contribute significantly to the habitability of our planet. There are more than 120 species of mammals in the oceans, as well as numerous types of other forms of life. Oceans also attract tourists to their shores, thus providing a vital source of income to many countries.

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